Foundation
is structural part of a building on which a building stands. Foundation
transmit and distributes it on load or imposed load to the soil in such
a way that the load bearing capacity of the foundation bed is not
exceeded. The solid ground on which the foundation rest is called
foundation bed. There are various types of foundation.
FUNCTIONS OF FOUNDATION
FUNCTIONS OF FOUNDATION
- Distribution of loads
- Stability against sliding and overturning
- Minimize differential settlement
- Safe against undermining
- Provide level surface
- Minimize distress against soil movement
CLASSIFICATION OF FOUNDATIONS
1. Shallow Foundation
2. Deep Foundation
1. SHALLOW FOUNDATION
A
shallow foundation is a type of foundation that transfer load to the
very near the surface. Shallow foundation are those foundation in which
the depth at which foundation is placed is less than the width of the of
foundation (D<B). This foundation used when the surface soil are
sufficiently strong and stiff to support the imposed load. They are
generally unsuitable in weak and highly compressible soil. Shallow
foundation itself can be various types-
- Pad Footing or Column Footing
- Isolated Footing
- Combined Footing
- Cantilever or Strap Footing
- Mat/ Raft Footing
- Wall Footing
2. DEEP FOUNDATION
Deep
foundation are those foundations in which the depth of the depth of
foundation is greater than its width (D>B). The D/B ratio is usually
4-5 for deep foundation. The deep foundation transmits the load of the
super structure vertically to the rock strata lying deep. Deep
foundation are used when the shallow foundation can not support the
load of the structure. The deep foundation can be further classified
into following types-
- Pile Foundation
- Pier Foundation
- Well (Caissons) Foundation
