TERMS USED IN MASONRY WORK

1. COURSE:

A horizontal layer of similar bricks or stones that are bonded with mortar is known as course.

2. QUOINS:

Quoins are the stones used for the corners of the walls.

3. BED:

The horizontal layer of mortar where brick or stone units are laid is known as bed.

4. BACK:

The inner surface of a brick wall which is not exposed termed as back. The material forming back is known as backing.

5. FACE:

The exterior surface of a brick wall which is exposed to weather termed as face. The material used in the face of the wall is known as facing. 

6. HEARTING:

The interior portion of a wall between the facing and backing is termed as hearting.

7. JOINT:

The junction of two or more bricks or stones is called joint. There are eight types of mortar joints-

1. Concave
2. Vee
3. Flush
4. Raked
5. Extruded 
6. Beaded
7. Struck
8. Weathered  

8. HEADER:

The shorter side or end face of a brick that is exposed is termed as header.

9. STRETCHER:

The longer narrow side or face of a brick that is exposed is termed as stretcher. 

10. FROG:

An indentation or depression on the top face of the brick made with the object of forming a key for the mortar is termed as frog. The depth of frog is usually between 10-20 mm.

11. BOND:

This is the method of arranging bricks so that the individual units are tied together.

12. ARRIS:

The sharp corner edges of brick is known as arris.

13. SPALLS:

Spalls are the chips of stones used for filling the interstices in stone masonry.

14. BAT:

The portion of bricks cut across the width is termed as bat.

• Three Quarter Bat: It is the form of brick bat having its length equal to three quarter of length of a full bricks. 
• Half Bat: If the length of the bat is equal to half the length of the full bricks.
• Bevelled Bat: A brick bat is called bevelled bat when its width has bevelled.

15. CLOSER:

Closer is the small piece of brick cut lengthwise in such a manner that its one long face remains uncut and used at the end of masonry wall to maintain bond pattern.

16. QUEEN CLOSER:

When a brick is cut along its length, making it two equal pieces then it is called queen closer.

17. QUEEN CLOSER QUARTER:

When a queen closer is cut in to two equal pieces then it is called as queen closer quarter.

18. KING CLOSER:

King closer are the portion of a brick obtained by cutting off the triangular piece between center of one end and the center of one side.

19. BEVELLED CLOSER:

Similar to king closer with the only difference that the whole length of the brick bevelled for maintaining the half width at one end and full width at the other.

20. MITRED CLOSER: 

It is a brick whose one end is cut splayed or mitred for full width. The angle of splay vary from 45 to 60 degree.

21. ROWLOCK:

The head is visible and the long narrow sides are on bottom and top.

22. ROWLOCK STRETCHER:

When the thinner stretcher sides are on bottom and top faces on the sides. 

23. SAILOR:

The heads are on top and bottom and the stretcher faces are on the side. Mostly used for decoration.

24. SOLDIER:

The stretcher side is visible and the heads are at the bottom and top. It is usually used for decoration.

25. BUTTERING:

Placing of mortar in on masonry block with trowel is termed as buttering.