A
building is a man made structure with a roof and walls standing more or
less permanently in one place such as house or factory. Buildings are
classified in to two categories-
(A). Based on Occupancy
(B). Based on types of Construction
A. CLASSIFICATION BASED ON OCCUPANCY
1. Residential Buildings
2. Industrial Buildings
3. Educational Buildings
4. Institutional Buildings
5. assembly Buildings
6. Business Buildings
7. Mercantile Buildings
8. Storage Buildings
9. Hazardous Buildings
B. CLASSIFICATION BASED ON STRUCTURES
1. Framed Structure
2. Load Bearing Structure
RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS
Buildings
in which sleeping arrangement are provided with or without cooking
arrangement. It includes single or multi family dwelling, apartments,
lodgings, restaurant, hostels, dormitories and hotels.
These
are buildings where products or materials of all kinds and properties
are fabricated, assembled, manufactured or processed.
These includes any buildings used for schools, colleges, education purposes.
These
buildings used for different purposes such as medical or other
treatment. They includes hospitals, sanatorium, jails, asylum.
These
are the buildings where group of peoples meet or gather for amusement,
social, religious, political, civil travel and similar purposes. E.g.
theaters, motion pictures, house, assembly halls, restaurants assembly
halls.
These buildings are used for transactions of business, for keeping accounts and for similar other purpose.
These
buildings are used as shops, stores, market for display and sale of
merchandise either wholesale or retail, office, shops, storage services.
These buildings are used primarily for the storage or sheltering of goods, wares or merchandise, vehicles and animals, grains.
These
buildings are used for the storage, handling, manufacturing or
processing of highly combustible or explosive materials or products.
FRAMED STRUCTURE
Reinforced
cement concrete structures the most common type of construction today.
They consist of a skeleton of beams and columns. The load is transferred
from from beams to the columns and column intern transfer the load
directly to the sub soil through footing. Framed structures are suitable
for multistory building subjected to variety of extreme loads like
compressive, tensile torsion, shear along with moment. The open space in
the skeleton are to be filled with brick walls or glass panels.
In
this type of structures loads from roof slab or trusses and floors are
transmitted through walls to the firm soil below the ground. This types
of structures are adopted where hard strata are available at shallow
depth. The structural elements like beams, slabs rest directly on the
walls.